英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法總結(jié)—復(fù)合句

英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法總結(jié)復(fù)合句

復(fù)合句形容詞性(定語(yǔ))從句1.尤其要注意whose的用法

whose在從句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。所以，如果關(guān)系代詞后面緊接的是名詞，且關(guān)系代詞又不在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那么，這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞就應(yīng)該是whose。如：Heistherightpersonwhosepersonalityiswellrecognized.2.介詞+which的用法如果從句中主賓成分齊全，考生便可考慮關(guān)系代詞是否在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，而狀語(yǔ)通常用介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，于是可以得知，關(guān)系代詞前面應(yīng)有介詞，再分析所給的選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)與名詞的搭配作出正確選擇。如：

Wearenotconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthepsychologicalsatisfactionthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.3.as與which用作關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別

(1)as與thesame,such,so,as等關(guān)聯(lián)使用。如：Astheforestgoes,sogoesitsanimallife.

(2)as和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，但as在句中的位置比較靈活，可出現(xiàn)在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出現(xiàn)在句末，尤其是當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)句子時(shí)。如：Asistrueinallinstitutions,juriesarecapableofmakingmistakes.

Asisgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)有：ashasbeensaidbefore,ashasbeenmentionedabove,ascanbeimagined,asisknowntoall,ashasbeenannounced,ascanbeseenfromthesefigures,asmight/couldbeexpected,asisoftenthecase,ashasbeenpointedout,asoftenhappens,aswillbeshown等。

4.關(guān)系代詞that與which用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

(1)如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，用that,which都可以，而且可以省略；

(2)先行詞是不定代詞anything,nothing,little,all,everything時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that；

(3)先行詞由形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾或由next，last,only,very修飾時(shí)，用that；(4)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只能用which引導(dǎo)；(5)關(guān)系代詞前面如果有介詞，只能用which。

5.but做關(guān)系代詞，用于否定句，相當(dāng)于who…not,that…not這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是主句中常有否定詞或含有否定意義的詞。如：

Therearefewteachersbutknowhowtouseacomputer.Thereisnocomplicatedproblembutcanbesolvedbyacomputer.復(fù)合句名詞性從句

一個(gè)句子起名詞的作用，在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)／介詞賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子就是名詞性從句。

1.what/whatever的用法考生應(yīng)把握：what是關(guān)系代詞，它起著引導(dǎo)從句并在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分這兩個(gè)作用。如：

Theylosttheirwayintheforest,andwhatmademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.(what既引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句又在從句中做主語(yǔ))

Waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.(what既引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)

從句又在從句中做表語(yǔ))

2.whoever和whomever的區(qū)別

whoever和whomever相當(dāng)于anyonewho，用主格與賓格取決于其在從句中做主語(yǔ)還是做賓語(yǔ)。如：

Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatstowhoevercomesfirst.(whoever在從句中做主語(yǔ))3.有關(guān)同位語(yǔ)從句的問(wèn)題

(1)引導(dǎo)詞通常為that,但有時(shí)因名詞內(nèi)容的需要，也可由whether及連接副詞why,when,where,how引導(dǎo)。that不表示任何意義，其他詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等。如：Theproblem,whereIwillhavemycollegeeducation,athomeorabroad,remainsuntouched.(2)同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)與先行詞隔開(kāi)，注意識(shí)別。如：

Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

4.whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(2)whether一般多用于賓語(yǔ)從句的肯定式，而if引導(dǎo)的從句可以有否定式；(3)whetherornot可以連在一起用，而ifornot則不能，ornot只能放在句末；(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，if則不能；

(5)賓語(yǔ)從句提至謂語(yǔ)前面時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(6)在question,ask后面一般只用whether，question的同位語(yǔ)從句也用whether引導(dǎo)；(7)后接不定式時(shí)，只能用whether。

5.動(dòng)詞believe,expect,fancy,imagine,suppose,think后的賓語(yǔ)從句如為否定式，一般將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上。

復(fù)合句副詞性(狀語(yǔ))從句副詞在句中起狀語(yǔ)作用，故如果起狀語(yǔ)作用的部分為一個(gè)句子，那么該句便是副詞性從句，也稱(chēng)狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句可細(xì)分為：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較、方式等。

狀語(yǔ)從句的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)為：考查考生對(duì)主從句之間邏輯意義關(guān)系的把握，看其是否能選擇正確的從屬連詞。

1.條件狀語(yǔ)從句的�？贾�識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)if與unless的用法。if和unless都是引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，考生應(yīng)尤其注意unless的用法，因?yàn)樗�表示反面條件，相當(dāng)于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如：Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.

(2)復(fù)合連詞aslongas，solongas，asfaras，onconditionthat，intheeventthat；動(dòng)詞及分詞provided(that)，providing(that)，giventhat,suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.

Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)

Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)Sayitweretrue,whatwould

youdoaboutit?(假如……)

(3)祈使句表示條件。如：Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.

Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.

2.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的�？贾�識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首。如：Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.(2)while引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:

Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.

(3)復(fù)合連接詞forallthat和分詞granting/granted(that)引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.

Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeseenassubstitutesforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的�？贾�識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)before表示漢語(yǔ)的“只有/必須……才能”。如:Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.

(2)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句時(shí)，如果出現(xiàn)在后半句，則表示“這/那時(shí)突然”。如：IhavejuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices.

(3)whenitcomesto是習(xí)慣用法，意為“當(dāng)談到……時(shí)”。如：

Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests.

(4)名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)each/everytime,themoment/second/minute,inthetime,bythetime起連詞作用。如:

Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.

MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone.

(5)副詞directly,immediately,instantly,now引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句,相當(dāng)于assoonas。如:

Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句的�？贾�識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)inthat引導(dǎo)原因從句時(shí),有時(shí)翻譯成“是因?yàn)椤�、“就在于”。�?

Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

(2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鑒于”、“考慮到”。如:Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.

Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.

Seeingthatsheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkyoucanstopher.

其他引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞語(yǔ)還有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inasmuchas,insofaras等。5.while,whereas引導(dǎo)對(duì)比從句

如:WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdecade,violentcrimescommittedbyjuvenileshavesharplyincreased.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.

6.so…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

如:Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithasacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.

Hehimselfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit.

7.inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句如:Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaseIneedyourhelp.

HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted.

8.where作為連接副詞的一種用法,翻譯為“在……地方”

如:InJapan,aperson’scapabilitiesarenotforcedintoaninflexiblespecialty.Wherethereiswillingnessandintelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed.

擴(kuò)展閱讀：英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法總結(jié)—復(fù)合句

復(fù)合句名詞性從句

一個(gè)句子起名詞的作用，在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)／介詞賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子就是名詞性從句。

1.what/whatever的用法考生應(yīng)把握：what是關(guān)系代詞，它起著引導(dǎo)從句并在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分這兩個(gè)作用。如：

Theylosttheirwayintheforest,andwhatmademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.

(what既引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句又在從句中做主語(yǔ))

Waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.(what既引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句又在從句中做表語(yǔ))2.whoever和whomever的區(qū)別

whoever和whomever相當(dāng)于anyonewho，用主格與賓格取決于其在從句中做主語(yǔ)還是做賓語(yǔ)。如：

Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatstowhoevercomesfirst.(whoever在從句中做主語(yǔ))

3.有關(guān)同位語(yǔ)從句的問(wèn)題

(1)引導(dǎo)詞通常為that,但有時(shí)因名詞內(nèi)容的需要，也可由whether及連接副詞why,when,where,how引導(dǎo)。that不表示任何意義，其他詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等。如：Theproblem,whereIwillhavemycollegeeducation,athomeorabroad,remainsuntouched.

(2)同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)與先行詞隔開(kāi)，注意識(shí)別。如：

Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

4.whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(2)whether一般多用于賓語(yǔ)從句的肯定式，而if引導(dǎo)的從句可以有否定式；(3)whetherornot可以連在一起用，而ifornot則不能，ornot只能放在句末；(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，if則不能；(5)賓語(yǔ)從句提至謂語(yǔ)前面時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；

(6)在question,ask后面一般只用whether，question的同位語(yǔ)從句也用whether引導(dǎo)；

(7)后接不定式時(shí)，只能用whether。

5.動(dòng)詞believe,expect,fancy,imagine,suppose,think后的賓語(yǔ)從句如為否定式，一般將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上。復(fù)合句副詞性(狀語(yǔ))從句

副詞在句中起狀語(yǔ)作用，故如果起狀語(yǔ)作用的部分為一個(gè)句子，那么該句便是副詞性從句，也稱(chēng)狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句可細(xì)分為：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較、方式等。

狀語(yǔ)從句的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)為：考查考生對(duì)主從句之間邏輯意義關(guān)系的把握，看其是否能選擇正確的從屬連詞。

1.條件狀語(yǔ)從句的常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)if與unless的用法。if和unless都是引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，考生應(yīng)尤其注意unless的用法，因?yàn)樗�表示反面條件，相當(dāng)于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如：Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.

(2)復(fù)合連詞aslongas，solongas，asfaras，onconditionthat，intheeventthat；動(dòng)

詞及分詞

provided(that)

，

providing(that)

，

given

that,

suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.

Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)

Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如……)

(3)祈使句表示條件。如：Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.

Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.2.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首。如：Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.

Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.(2)while引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:

Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.(3)復(fù)合連接詞forallthat和分詞granting/granted(that)引導(dǎo)讓步從句。如:Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.

Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeseenassubstitutesforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)before表示漢語(yǔ)的“只有/必須……才能”。如:Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.

(2)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句時(shí)，如果出現(xiàn)在后半句，則表示“這/那時(shí)突然”。如：

IhavejuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices.

(3)whenitcomesto是習(xí)慣用法，意為“當(dāng)談到……時(shí)”。如：

Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests.

(4)名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)each/everytime,themoment/second/minute,inthetime,bythetime起連詞作用。如:Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.

MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone.

(5)副詞directly,immediately,instantly,now引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句,相當(dāng)于assoonas。如:Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句的�？贾�識(shí)點(diǎn)

(1)inthat引導(dǎo)原因從句時(shí),有時(shí)翻譯成“是因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ熬驮谟凇�。�?

Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

(2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鑒于”、“考慮到”。如:Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.Seeingthatsheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkyoucanstopher.

其他引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞語(yǔ)還有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inasmuchas,insofaras等。5.while,whereas引導(dǎo)對(duì)比從句

如:WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdecade,violentcrimescommittedbyjuvenileshavesharplyincreased.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.6.so…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句如:Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithasacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.

Hehimselfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit.

7.inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句如:Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaseIneedyourhelp.

HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted.

8.where作為連接副詞的一種用法,翻譯為“在……地方”

如:InJapan,aperson’scapabilitiesarenotforcedintoaninflexiblespecialty.Wherethereiswillingnessandintelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed.

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