l(wi)УY(ji)
~:
()
|(zh)׃ԣP19ijЩW(xu),|(zh)ĿgY(ji)(gu)ܵƉ,Ķ(do)|(zh)ĸ׃ԵĆʧ,Q鵰|(zh)׃|(zh)ļY(ji)(gu)ָ|(zh)иĿgŲ|λá
|(zh)c(din)(dng)Һ̎ijһpHֵ|(zh)Ӳxxxӻxӵڅo늺ɞ㣬ʼxӠB(ti)˕rҺpHֵQԓ|(zh)ĵc(din)pI
TmֵP32DNA^УA260ֵ_(d)׃ֵһr(yng)ĜضȷQ朜ضȻڽضTmDNA׃ԣP32ָijЩDNAp朻a(b)A֮gĚIl(f)ѣʹpDNA朞朵^sP32ͬԴDNA֮gDNAcRNA֮gֻҪһ̶ȵĉA䌦P(gun)ϵпγsp朣@һ^̷QsģSأP34һSwĠIB(yng)أw(ni)ܺϳɻϳʳ﹩oһͷЙC(j)
SAԭP36ֲָĶN}ǾSAǰwԦ£}Ҫ壩
øԭøԭļP54oԵøǰw|(zh)QøԭһløԭijNúӽY(ji)(gu)l(f)׃¶γɻģD(zhun)׃ɾлԵø@һ^̷Qøԭļ
øĻģP53øеıF(tun)һY(ji)(gu)Ͽh(yun)朽(jng)^P@ۯBγɿgY(ji)(gu)@ЩF(tun)ɱ˴˿γɾضgY(ji)(gu)ą^(q)cخY(ji)ϲD(zhun)a(chn)@һ^(q)QøĻãP60ij
1ЩƄcø
ᡢKᡢهıF(tun)γɹrIʹᡢɫøʧȥԡ˷NƄãP139V^УһСֵ|(zh)ȥֻܿijЩˎﲻҲһСܽʹø֏(f)a(chn)ﲻգc(x)@NƷQ鲻@ֵ|(zh)ơa(chn)Q鸯
P67ǡ֬һ̼λP150ijЩ͵|(zh)ЙC(j)w(ni)ڷֽx^Юa(chn)M(jn)һϵֽKһ̼ԭӵЙC(j)CO2H2OጷܻF(tun)Qһ̼λ^̷Qʮ
ӂf朣P70朏^ϳ;P162еøoøһָᡢھw(ni)Ĥһ̼λCO2ȺfԭӵøoøQ|(zh)ԭϣ(jng)^һϵøٞfwfӵøͷ(yng)ϳɺ^̡oøQfwښa(b)Ⱥϳ;P162ԭӿԿH+eָw(ni)xĉAMɵģfwҲf(jng)^εķ(yng)ϳwԺַQ늺^
ӂf朡ʺΌxữP73xP165ָһЩÓµĚ䣬(jng)wἰ~ȵӂfጷżxõęC(j)(lin)(q)ADPữҪԸƻԼATP^Qׁy桱ķʽɔ_ữʺĺϳ^ĶߣM(jn)һֹ͵|(zh)ǽͽ⣨P89ǻǵĺϳԭڟol£ֽ飨ʮһ
^̷Qǵğo뱣(f)ƣP172DNAַQǽͽ⡣ӵď(f)ģʽpP94ָϴ_朸ģǻԭl³c以a(b)朣һصֽCO2HDNAp(f)ƳH2OጷŴ^cHȫͬӴ
DNAӴDNAеһlǮ;P103ָ朁Hһl?zhn)ıͪǵľߺϳɵģ@N(f)ƷʽQw(yng)^뱣(f)ơ
ˣ
ƬΣP174ָ֬ᣨP110DNA(f)SϵIJ֬w(ni)ϳBm(x)DNAƬΡʳДzȡ֬D(zhun)䛣P172ijЩRNAQ֬ᣬRNAģϳͻϩDNA^cD(zhun)䛷
Q鷴D(zhun)֬ӆTP112ڣʮ
֬MеĸڲQD(zhun)䛣P185һ֬øĴˮ₀DNApx֬Ͳ朷УģѪԹM朲ͬһlϣ^̷Q֬ij(ji)еijT
һl朞ģM(jn)D(zhun)ͪwP115μ(x)Цһ(ji)ϿɷɵoøA^䌦(yng)朞ģ壬ֿsD(zhun)䛵@NxԷQ鲻£uͱͪ@NQD(zhun)|(zh)y(tng)Qͪwa朣P185ڽY(ji)(gu)ţ
DNApУֻһ谱ᣨP139wl朿ģQģ(ni)8Nܺϳɣc以a(b)һl@Щw(ni)ҪֲԷQ龎a朡ϳʳ﹩(yng)ĺøָY(ji)(gu)Q谱ᣬдԵһiᡢ
RNA
1ʮ
ܴaӣP197mRNAÿĺMһMγ(lin)wһNϢQzܴaܴa_xܣmRNAе5-˵ʼܴaAUG3-˽Kֹܴa֮gĺУQ_x˵wѭh(hun)P201202Mxĺ˵wѭh(hun)ָ机ϳɵLA(jng)M(jn)λĺD(zhun)λEʹM(jn)˵wۺϳɶ朵^@һ^ں˵wBm(x)ѭh(hun)M(jn)УֱKֹAÿ(jng)^һκ˵wѭh(hun)һVxĺ˵wѭh(hun)ָgȫ^̡ʮģ
_(d)P208ָD(zhun)䛼g^̣DNARNA|(zh)Ăf^
ʽԪP210ָc˻_(d){(dio)P(gun)خDNAСʽӣP210һЩ܉ֱӻgcʽԪĶӰ푻_(d)ĵӡʮ壩
̣P218M(jn)п¡ÿ¡Ļ_(d)ƂضĵĮa(chn)켚(x)wõķP(gun)Ĺy(tng)Q̡
ۺø朷(yng)P225һ(xing)wٵ錧(do)ضDNAДU(ku)g(sh)
ʮ
GףBY(ji)ϵָнY(ji)GDPʧY(ji)GTPɷN׃ʽGTPøڼ(x)̖ͨ·̖D(zhun)Q_P(gun)õһM|(zh)
ڶʹP232ڼ(x)(ni)fخ̖С|(zh)cAMPcGMPCa2+DAGIP3ȷQڶʹʮߣ
ˮ늽|(zh)xw(ni)ˮ늽|(zh)ƽ⡣ԪأP250ռwf֮һÿҪ100mgµԪطQԪءʮˣ
xжP2652
Ѫ{NaHCO3ԭl(f)
ʹѪ{[NaHCO3]/[H2CO3]ıֵ׃СpHQxж
xԉAжP265Ѫ{NaHCO3ԭl(f)ʹѪ{[NaHCO3]/[H2CO3]ıֵpHQxԉAжʮţ
D(zhun)P271ǠIB(yng)|(zh)(jng)^߀ԭˮͽY(ji)ϵȷ(yng)ʹ䶾ԽˮԺ͘O(qing)Ը׃ųw@һ^̷QD(zhun)đ֭ᣨP275ָđ̴ڸμ(x)н(jng)һϵøɵđ֭ᡣ
}
1.|(zh)ĻMɆλʲôY(ji)(gu)ʲô
|(zh)ĻMɆλǰY(ji)(gu)پ-ڳʰRHఱRH
2.ʲôǵ|(zh)ĶY(ji)(gu)ҪʽЃɷNкνY(ji)(gu)
|(zh)ĶY(ji)(gu)ָ朹Ǽԭӵgλã漰ᚈ(c)朵Ę(gu)ҪʽЦ-ͦ-ۯB-Y(ji)(gu)ĽY(ji)(gu)c(din)ٶĆԪλԦ-̼ԭӞD(zhun)c(din)γӽY(ji)(gu)ÿȦ3.6ᚈݾ0.54nmеÿIN-H͵ĂIʻγɚIIķLSƽܸᚈRF(tun)(c)-ۯBĽY(ji)(gu)c(din)ٶ朳չ?fn)B(ti)ĆԪ֮gۯBXY(ji)(gu)ƽgAǞ110ڃɶϵĦ-ۯBY(ji)(gu)ƽУgI(wn)-ۯBY(ji)(gu)IcۯBLSֱۃɗl朵ͬҲ෴RF(tun)eXY(ji)(gu)·
3.ʲôǵ|(zh)׃ԣ׃Եı|(zh)ʲô׃cP(gun)ϵΣ
ijЩͻW(xu)|(zh)ضĿg(gu)ƉģĶ(do)|(zh)ĸ׃
ĆʧQ鵰|(zh)׃ADPߣM(jn)뾀
׃Եı|(zh)ǶIwʹữӿǹrIƉ漰һADPpἉY(ji)(gu)аеĸĻٶȜp
׃׃cP(gun)ϵ׃2.fữƄԵĵ|(zh)ڳķNÙC(j)
ĵ|(zh)һ׃ԡٺƄC(j)ƣڣ
خλ朵1.(x)(ni)ҪRNAӂfڽż(lin)C(j)ƣҪܡƉӂfĿĤmRNA鵰|(zh)|(zh)늻W(xu)ݶͳṩֱģ
ữ_ATPøtRNAڵ|(zh)ϳ^ƄC(j)ƣͬrNdwӂfATPɡrRNAǺwĽMɲߣ
wǵ|(zh)1.ѭh(hun)Ҫc(din)ɵĈ
x
snRNAchnRNAļҪc(din)ٱlӣ
M(jn)ǙC(j)wҪĮa(chn)øдõ;Dzķ(yng)RNA
wϵܱ횲a(b)g2.mRNAĮa(chn)
Y(ji)(gu)c(din)
xTCAѭh(hun)mRNAĽY(ji)(gu)w(ni)IB(yng)|(zh)صc(din)5-ĩ7-BֽĹͬͨ·TCAᣨm7GpppNñӽY(ji)ѭh(hun)w(ni)|(zh)x(lin)ϵ(gu)3-ĩ˵ĶAβY(ji)Ęм~
(gu)
2.Ǯ3.tRNAĽY(ji)(gu)c(din)x
ٺжNϡЉAھߢپSѪǝoh(hun)Y(ji)(gu)3-ĩBж䷴ܴa܉ãIǮ(qing)RemRNAܴaSAƽ⣻܅f(xi)壩
x
1.ԇøһ3.ѪǵāԴȥЩͬc(din)·ͬc(din)ٻW(xu)(yng)ǰ]Դʳǵ|(zh)ĸ׃ֻܴڸԭֽ⣻ǮW(xu)SĻW(xu)(yng)á
ֻܼٿ淴(yng)M(jn)ȥ·ֽ(yng)̣ܳ׃(yng)ƽںϳԭD(zhun)c(din)܌淴(yng)(yng)׃?yu)|(zh)Sź淴(yng)дͬc(din)ø(yng)ИOߣˣ
ĴЧøٷ(yng)1.oøAā·ȥи߶ȵخԣøٷ·
(yng)п{(dio)(ji)ԣøԁ·ǵķֽxa(chn)в(wn)
oøA֬ķ2.eføĸֽxa(chn)oøAü䌍(sh)H(yng)xͪͪǰ𰸞61퓵һֽxa(chn)oøAε62퓵ĵڶΣȥ·ٽ(jng)ѭh(hun)ضϳͪwģ
ԭϳ֬1.fC(j)w{(dio)(ji)ԭϳđ̴ĻõؼC(j)ơԭ
ƄC(j)ƣͨ^2.ʲôѪ{֬朵ӂfʹխ֬Ӿܶݺữ_ͬrƶȳxķɌӂfATPɁ֞Ď֮ữڼנgP(gun)ϵʲôأC(j)ƣ̼C(j)wҪ
ͮa(chn)ͬrӣC(j)ƣѪ{֬ףѪ{֬נT(do)(x)Ĥ|(zh)ˮˮNa+K+-ATPøx֬c嵰Y(ji)ʹATPٷֽADPͺ⣬cd֬Y(ji)PiADPM(jn)γ֬ףQѪ{֬ữATP/ADPֵC(j)ƣC(j)wATPӣ
2Cǰ¦ӾM---֬֬x֬װװ׳CVLHM(fi)LDDxDLLLD(zhun)D(zhun)D(zhun)D(zhun)\(yn)\(yn)\(yn)\(yn)(ni)đԴԴԴđʸʵδΣţѪāԴcȥ·ԴٰÓɵİ@ǰҪԴIKԴİȰIСƤ(x)йȰøĴɵİcյİаʳﵰڴc(ni)(jng)ɵİc(x)øɵİ
ȥ·ڸKϳأSų@ǰҪȥ·ڰcȰڹȰϳøĴºϳɹȰۺϳDZ谱ʉAउAİֱSųw⡣ʮ
^ʺऺ^ϳɵĮͬc(din)ʺcऺ^ϳ^ԭϡϳɳ{(dio)(ji)ȷĮͬc(din)±ʾʺऺԭ춬춬ᡢȰCO2ᡢPRPPһCO2һ̼λ̼(Hλϳ)PRPPȺϳɳɺǷभh(hun)cϳɺǽY(ji)γɺխh(hun)γʺᷴʺऺᷴᷴ{(dio)PRPP(ji)PRPPϳøϳɰøϳɰD(zhun)ø춬øᰱʼ(yng)D(zhun)Ƶøøʼ(yng)ø(ʮһ)ԇcԭDNA(f)^|(zh)
pDNA_Ɇ朵ăɗl朾ģָ(do)DNAĺϳɣdNTP(f)ƵԭDNAۺø朵ĺϳԭDNAۺøIIIď(f)øһСRNAṩx3-OHø͵ӣø_DNAp朣DNA?f)䮐?gu)ø׃DNAB(ti)DNAøϳRNADNAY(ji)ϵףY(ji)ϲ(wn)_DNABøBSЃɂDNAƬʮD(zhun)䛮a(chn)5-ACGUAU-3,(yng)ģ朣a
ģ朣5-ATACGT-3a朣5-ACGTAT-3ʮ
3zܴaЩ?Bm(x)ԡԡͨ[ԡʮ壩
ؽMDNAg(sh)ԭ^̣
ԭĿDNAƬκdwBɞؽMDNAӣ@ؽMDNAӌ(do)(x)(x)ДU(ku)_(d)^̣ƂĿĻP(gun)dwڌĿĻdwM(jn)BӣیؽMDNA(do)w(x)DNAؽMwĺYxcbDNAؽMwĔU(ku)_(d)о(ʮ)
ˮĹܡ{(dio)(ji)wڴM(jn)c|(zh)x\(yn)ݔܝãݽY(ji)ˮY(ji)ˮֽMΑB(ti)ӲȺ͏\һáʮˣ
AƽҪ\ָ(bio)
Ѫ{pHѪ{̼։PCO2ی(sh)H̼}AB͘(bio)(zhn)̼}SBܾ_ABB݉AʣࣨBEAȱʧBDxg϶AGʮţ
đtصāԴȥ·Դ80%Դ˥ϼt(x)ƉጷŵѪtķֽ20%ڼtס(x)ɫ^ø^øȺF߲ȥ·đtγɺM(jn)ѪҺđtأ嵰(f)ʽ\(yn)ݔ?sh)Kđtرμ(x)zȡڰ{УđtcwףYZףY(ji)ϱ\(yn)ݔ(ni)|(zh)W(wng)ڃ(ni)|(zh)W(wng)УđtҪȩY(ji)γɽY(ji)đtSđ֭M(jn)cY(ji)đtM(jn)ccÓȥȩ߀ԭđԭđԭSSų1020%ɱcM(jn)wѭh(hun)(jng)To}дSđ֭cٲM(jn)wѭh(hun)(jng)ISų
U(ku)չxl(wi)УW(xu)Y(ji)
l(wi)УW(xu)Y(ji)
Fl(wi)Уѽ(jng)ֹͣˣF(xin)ҪY(ji)һ@ĵʧ^úõķ̎ʹԼ^·ҲǞ˿匢Ҫߵ·.
mȻҵČW(xu)(x)ɿǷdz҅sڌW(xu)(x)M(jn)ի@˺ܶࡣҶˌW(xu)(x)B(ti)ҿM(jn)l(wi)УrԭһԼǺܿҾl(wi)УČW(xu)(x)ǸҪMJ(rn)܇ͬƴ،W(xu)(x)_l(wi)УČW(xu)(x)ọ́еԼl(wi)УČW(xu)(x)ǘʽģώnvȻԼȥȥ@r(x)ܺƲǺҪġL(x)ԁ֪ҪW(xu)ֻ^W(xu)DzеģҪW(xu)ʽķʽƣ֮~֮ԝOҁ@Ŀ(bio)ҪW(xu)Oʲô˼֮̎Ո̡ڌW(xu)(x)rԡ(d)˼Լ㑡ڌW(xu)(x)֪R@ΕrҸcώ˝صĎxώՁՁdʹI(lng)ˌW(xu)(x)ĘȤc߅SͬҲõČW(xu)(x)P(gun)ϵͻ(zhn)yP(gun)W(xu)(x)o(h)ՓDzе߀Ҫõo(h)ɡό(sh)`nĕrҶȡC(j)״҂ԞԼëǐۺһăãۺһښW(xu)S|؝ʹ܌W(xu)Ҳѽ(jng)Լƣڡ@䌍(sh)ã^FھڏVһΕrg(ni)עһNW(xu)ضܸضò@T֪RԏҰl(f)F(xin)Լ@ë͆}ҳ]ԼҲһăá
ͨ^l(wi)УҌW(xu)˺֪ܶRҪo(h)˼׃S࣬ҲJ(rn)RSͬW(xu)ώcā|(zh)J(rn)һЩ̎ŬC
l(wi)У@lϵһСΣWWl(f)һС˺ˮի@_xP(gun)Ҫ
ʾP(gun)ڡl(wi)УY(ji)oķHչ˼Sʹl(wi)УY(ji)ԓƪ½h(chung)
ԴW(wng)j(lu) ؟(z)ăHތW(xu)(x)a(chn)(qun)}Ո(lin)ϵ҂rh