高中英語(yǔ)中六大從句用法總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)中六大從句用法總結(jié)
1.主語(yǔ)從句
1)主語(yǔ)從句可直接位于主語(yǔ)的位置,如果從句較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)又較短,可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將從句放在句末。常見(jiàn)的句型有:*Itisafact\\apity\\aquestion\\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\\appears\\happened\\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\\important\\likely\\possiblethat...
*Itissaid\\reported\\estimated\\hasbeenprovedthat...
Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.
2)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“...的東西時(shí)”,一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
Whatwelackisexperience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問(wèn)意義,但它們引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,都用陳述語(yǔ)序。
Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.
2.賓語(yǔ)從句
1)賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that?墒÷。介詞后一般接疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。inthat(因?yàn)?,exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是)已構(gòu)成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.
*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.
2)賓語(yǔ)從句后如有賓補(bǔ),要用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替,而把賓語(yǔ)從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語(yǔ)上,賓語(yǔ)從句則變成肯定形式。Hedidn"tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.
3.表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”的句子中。表語(yǔ)從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,asif(though)等引導(dǎo)。that?墒÷。如主句主語(yǔ)為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,不可用because.
PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.
Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.
4.同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo),由于先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見(jiàn)的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語(yǔ)較短,將同位語(yǔ)從句位于謂語(yǔ)之后。
Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.
IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.
Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.
5.定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子。定語(yǔ)從句通常位于先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。
*限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之后,無(wú)逗號(hào),若省去,原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有時(shí)也可指物,相當(dāng)于ofwhich;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.
Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.
Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.
1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。ThatisallthatI"veheardfromhim.
He"sthefirstpersonthatI"mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.
2)關(guān)系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?墒÷浴jP(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that,只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句,并且不可省略,但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí),作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。
Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.
Thisisoneofthosethings(which\\that)wehavetoputupwith.
3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.
Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.
5.定語(yǔ)從句*非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個(gè)主句,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。
Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.
*“介詞+which\\whom\\whose”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
“介詞+which\\whom\\whose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。
Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings
Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.
*as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。
Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行詞problems)
Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主語(yǔ))
6.狀語(yǔ)從句
*時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nomoment,immediately(that)等。
sooner...than,each(every)
time,the
AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.
*地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where,wherever.
Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.
*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句
1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。
Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等。
MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.
3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.
*條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等。
Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,evenif等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“形容詞(副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞)+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。
Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.
Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.(=thoughheisyoung)Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.(=thoughheisachild)
*方式狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as,justas,asif,asthough等。asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反。
Theyoungmanmadetheexperimentjustastheteacherhadtaughthim.Everythingwentonasusualasifnothinghadhappened.
擴(kuò)展閱讀:英語(yǔ)中六大從句用法總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)中六大從句用法總結(jié)1.主語(yǔ)從句
1)主語(yǔ)從句可直接位于主語(yǔ)的位置,如果從句較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)又較短,可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將從句放在句末。常見(jiàn)的句型有:*Itisafact\\apity\\aquestion\\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\\appears\\happened\\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\\important\\likely\\possiblethat...
*Itissaid\\reported\\estimated\\hasbeenprovedthat...
Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.
Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.
2)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“...的東西時(shí)”,一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。Whatwelackisexperience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問(wèn)意義,但它們引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,都用陳述語(yǔ)序。
Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.
2.賓語(yǔ)從句1)賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that常可省略。介詞后一般接疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。inthat(因?yàn)?,exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是)已構(gòu)成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.
*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.
*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.
*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.
2)賓語(yǔ)從句后如有賓補(bǔ),要用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替,而把賓語(yǔ)從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。
Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語(yǔ)上,賓語(yǔ)從句則變成肯定形式。Hedidn"tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.3.表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”的句子中。表語(yǔ)從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,asif(though)等引導(dǎo)。that?墒÷浴H缰骶渲髡Z(yǔ)為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,不可用because.
PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.
Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.
Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.
4.同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo),由于先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見(jiàn)的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語(yǔ)較短,將同位語(yǔ)從句位于謂語(yǔ)之后。
Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.
Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.
5.定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子。定語(yǔ)從句通常位于先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。
*限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之后,無(wú)逗號(hào),若省去,原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有時(shí)也可指物,相當(dāng)于ofwhich;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.nbsp;
Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.
Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.
1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。
ThatisallthatI"veheardfromhim.
He"sthefirstpersonthatI"mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)關(guān)系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞常可省略。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that,只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句,并且不可省略,但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí),作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。
Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethings(which\\that)wehavetoputupwith.3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.
Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.5.定語(yǔ)從句
*非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個(gè)主句,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。
Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*“介詞+which\\whom\\whose”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
“介詞+which\\whom\\whose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。
ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.
*as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。
Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行詞problems)
Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主語(yǔ))
6.狀語(yǔ)從句
*時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.
2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。
AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.*地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where,wherever.
Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.
*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句
1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。
Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等。
MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.
3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.
*條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等。
Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.
2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,evenif等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“形容詞(副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞)+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。
Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.
Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.(=thoughheisyoung)
Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.(=thoughheisachild)*方式狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as,justas,asif,asthough等。asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反。Theyoungmanmadetheexperimentjustastheteacherhadtaughthim.
Everythingwentonasusualasifnothinghadhappened.
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